{"id":3809,"date":"2022-05-03T11:47:20","date_gmt":"2022-05-03T10:47:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/refhelp\/guidelines\/colorectalcancer\/"},"modified":"2026-04-06T13:57:29","modified_gmt":"2026-04-06T12:57:29","slug":"colorectalcancer","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/refhelp\/guidelines\/colorectal\/colorectalcancer\/","title":{"rendered":"Colorectal Cancer"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>All referrals will be triaged by the Colorectal Team. Patients with a palpable abdominal or rectal mass will be triaged directly to an outpatient appointment. All other patients will be asked to submit 2 qFIT tests.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>qFIT tests will be generated from Secondary Care and the results will be interpreted, and appropriate clinical action taken, by Secondary Care. <strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>Please remind patients that when contacted by Secondary Care they should complete and return this as per the instructions as soon as possible<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Patients will then be triaged according to their symptoms, qFIT results and patient frailty and co-morbidity to determine the next step which may be colonoscopy, CT colonography, minimal preparation CT or outpatient consultation. Patients with 2 negative qFITs and low risk symptoms are unlikely to undergo any further tests and will be discharged, with advice where appropriate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The outcome of a set of tests will be communicated directly to patients by the triaging consultants, copied to the GP. Patients who have not completed the full set of investigations will be booked into a virtual clinic for the triaging consultant to assess the residual risk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>NB <\/strong>Please note that although the bowel screening programme and the Colorectal service (for symptomatic patients) both use quantitative FIT (faecal immunochemical test), the test threshold for further investigation is different for the two patient populations. In the asymptomatic population, the threshold used by screening is &gt;80 mHb\/g but in symptomatic patients, the threshold for investigation is \u226520mHb\/g . Hence, a person may have had a \u2018negative\u2019 FIT from screening but have a test value that is \u226520mHb\/g. Therefore, a person presenting with colorectal symptoms\u00a0<strong><u>should not be advised<\/u><\/strong>\u00a0to request a bowel screening kit as there is a risk that abnormal results and therefore significant bowel pathology could be missed. If someone presents with concerning colorectal symptoms, please refer as advised in the pathway below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>B.C &amp; F.D 27-11-25<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs\" data-active-tab=\"0\"><ul class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__nav-links\"><\/ul>\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__nav-link\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title-wrapper\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title\">Referral Guidelines<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Who to refer:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Any patient with high risk features as detailed below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Bleeding<\/strong><\/td><td> &#8211; Repeated rectal bleeding without an obvious anal cause<br> &#8211; Any blood mixed with the stool<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Bowel habit<\/strong><\/td><td> &#8211; Persistent (more than four weeks) change in bowel habit especially to looser stools &#8211; not simple constipation)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Mass<\/strong><\/td><td> &#8211; Unexplained abdominal mass<br> &#8211; Palpable ano-rectal mass<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Ulceration<\/strong><\/td><td>&#8211; Unexplained anal ulceration<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Pain<\/strong><\/td><td>&#8211; Persistent abdominal pain (four weeks or more) and weight loss (5% or more of body weight or strong clinical suspicion)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Iron deficiency anaemia<\/strong><\/td><td>&#8211; Unexplained iron deficiency anaemia<br><br>See detailed advice regarding this at:&nbsp;<a href=\"\/refhelp\/Gastrointestinal\/IronDeficiencyAnaemia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/refhelp\/Gastrointestinal\/IronDeficiencyAnaemia<\/a>&nbsp;and refer via Sci Gateway under Gastroenterology if this is the only symptom.<br><br>RIE &gt;&gt; Gastroenterology \u2013 Medical &gt;&gt; LI Iron Deficiency Anaemia<br>SJH &gt;&gt; Gastroenterology \u2013 Medical &gt;&gt; LI Iron Deficiency Anaemia<br>WGH &gt;&gt; Gastroenterology \u2013 Medical &gt;&gt; LI Iron Deficiency Anaemia<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>All patients should have the following before referral:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Abdominal examination<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PR examination (Please perform a PR examination for all patients and document the results of this in the referral. An abnormal PR examination changes how a patient is investigated\/managed. If there is no information regarding a PR examination, the referrer will be contacted to obtain this information before the referral can be triaged.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>FBC (plus ferritin\/iron studies if anaemic), U&amp;Es, LFTs \u2013 all within last 6 weeks<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>If symptoms suggestive of malignancy i.e. weight loss or other non-specific symptoms (without iron deficiency anaemia) in the absence of GI symptoms consider direct referral for CT via GP access pathway:&nbsp;<a href=\"\/refhelp\/guidelines\/GPAccesstoCTforSuspectedCancer(NoClinicallyObviousPrimary)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/refhelp\/guidelines\/GPAccesstoCTforSuspectedCancer(NoClinicallyObviousPrimary).aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Consider the possibility of ovarian cancer in any woman over 50 years who has experienced new symptoms within the last 12 months that suggest irritable bowel syndrome.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Thrombocytosis is a risk marker for malignancy. This especially applies to the \u2018LEGO-C\u2019 group \u2013 Lung, Endometrial, Gastric, Oesophageal and Colorectal cancer. See <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/refhelp\/guidelines\/haematology\/thrombocytosis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Thrombocytosis \u2013 RefHelp<\/a>&nbsp;for more information.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How to refer:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Via Sci Gateway to Colorectal Surgeons at the WGH or SJH via<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>WGH &gt;&gt; General Surgery \u2013 Colorectal (Urgent)&gt;&gt; LI Urgent Colorectal Cancer<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>SJH &gt;&gt; General Surgery \u2013 Colorectal&gt;&gt; LI Urgent Colorectal Cancer<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Please indicate if a patient is frail +\/- has co-morbidities because this may influence if, and what, further investigations are appropriate. Please also establish that the patient wishes to be investigated and is willing to attend the hospital for appointments.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__nav-link\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title-wrapper\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title\">Primary Care Management<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content\">\n<p>Additional tests may also be appropriate for some patients:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>If constipation: TFTs, Calcium<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If diarrhoea: Faecal calprotectin (<strong>those under 40 years old<\/strong>), HIV serology and stool culture<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Coeliac screen (anti tTG antibody)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>CA125 and pelvic US scan<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If unexplained weight loss: HIV serology<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__nav-link\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title-wrapper\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title\">Resources and Links<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.scot\/binaries\/content\/documents\/govscot\/publications\/advice-and-guidance\/2025\/08\/scottish-referral-guidelines-suspected-cancer-2025\/documents\/scottish-referral-guidelines-suspected-cancer-2025\/scottish-referral-guidelines-suspected-cancer-2025\/govscot%3Adocument\/scottish-referral-guidelines-suspected-cancer-2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Scottish Referral Guidelines for Suspected Cancer 2025<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Coming for a minimal preparation CT colon: <a href=\"https:\/\/vimeo.com\/921055702\/4c0fc7e70a?share=copy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/vimeo.com\/921055702\/4c0fc7e70a?share=copy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Coming for a CT colonogram: <a href=\"https:\/\/vimeo.com\/921054998\/2d95ec4818?share=copy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/vimeo.com\/921054998\/2d95ec4818?share=copy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Preparing for your colonoscopy with Plenvu: <a href=\"https:\/\/vimeo.com\/896489818\/23ff5e9d23\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/vimeo.com\/896489818\/23ff5e9d23<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>All referrals will be triaged by the Colorectal Team. Patients with a palpable abdominal or rectal mass will be triaged directly to an outpatient appointment. All other patients will be asked to submit 2 qFIT tests. qFIT tests will be generated from Secondary Care and the results will be interpreted, and appropriate clinical action taken,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":3808,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_searchwp_excluded":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[72],"class_list":["post-3809","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","category-colorectal-cancer"],"publishpress_future_workflow_manual_trigger":{"enabledWorkflows":[]},"rttpg_featured_image_url":null,"rttpg_author":{"display_name":"NHS Lothian","author_link":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/refhelp\/author\/nhs-lothian\/"},"rttpg_comment":0,"rttpg_category":" <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/refhelp\/category\/colorectal\/colorectal-cancer\/\" rel=\"tag\">Colorectal Cancer<\/a>","rttpg_excerpt":"All referrals will be triaged by the Colorectal Team. Patients with a palpable abdominal or rectal mass will be triaged directly to an outpatient appointment. All other patients will be asked to submit 2 qFIT tests. qFIT tests will be generated from Secondary Care and the results will be interpreted, and appropriate clinical action taken,","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/refhelp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3809","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/refhelp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/refhelp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/refhelp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/refhelp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3809"}],"version-history":[{"count":22,"href":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/refhelp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3809\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":27528,"href":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/refhelp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3809\/revisions\/27528"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/refhelp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3808"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/refhelp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3809"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/refhelp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3809"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}