{"id":25498,"date":"2025-09-29T16:21:37","date_gmt":"2025-09-29T15:21:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/refhelp\/?page_id=25498"},"modified":"2025-10-21T12:14:38","modified_gmt":"2025-10-21T11:14:38","slug":"thyroid-eye-disease","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/refhelp\/thyroid-eye-disease\/","title":{"rendered":"Thyroid Eye Disease"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Patients with suspected dysthyroid eye disease, should be referred to the joint thyroid eye clinic via Dr Justine McKee at PAEP.&nbsp; They will receive both ophthalmic and endocrine follow-up at this clinic. However, if the patient also requires endocrine input, please send a duplicate referral to RIE endocrinology selecting the \u2018Advice only\u2019 option and marking the referral for the attention of Dr Anna Dover or Dr Nicola Zammitt.&nbsp; Patients in West Lothian should be referred to Dr Jan Kerr in ophthalmology.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Prior to referral, please ensure that the patient has up to date TFTs (TSH, FT4 and TT3) \u2013 within the last 6 weeks at least and TRAb Antibodies within the last 6 months, indicating the suspicion of thyroid eye disease on the request.&nbsp; Patients may have Graves\u2019 eye disease despite being hypothyroid or even euthyroid.&nbsp; The referral can be made while the results are pending.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Please also ensure that patients:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>are advised about smoking cessation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>are given advice to commence OTC selenium (200 micrograms daily) whilst awaiting review (see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.btf-thyroid.org\/thyroid-eye-disease-leaflet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Thyroid eye disease PIL<\/a>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>are prescribed topical lubricants, tears to both eyes qds prn and ointment at night.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><u>ASSESSING DISEASE ACTIVITY.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>An assessment of the patient\u2019s disease activity and severity will help determine how urgently they should be seen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><u>CLINICAL ACTIVITY SCORE (Mourits Score)<\/u><\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Spontaneous retrobulbar pain<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pain on attempted up or down gaze<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lid swelling<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lid redness<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Conjunctival chemosis<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Conjunctival swelling<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Caruncular swelling.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>One point for each feature present. A score of &gt;3\/7 indicates active Graves\u2019 Ophthalmopathy (GO) with higher scores indicating more severe disease.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><u>A<\/u> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/files\/sites\/2\/ENDO-THY-Picture-guide-to-clinical-activity-in-Thyroid-Eye-Disease-2017-1.pdf\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/files\/sites\/2\/ENDO-THY-Picture-guide-to-clinical-activity-in-Thyroid-Eye-Disease-2017-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">separate picture guide is also available<\/a><\/strong> to assist in assessing clinical activity,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><u>Three other features may indicate active disease<\/u><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the last 3 months:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Increase in proptosis of \u2265 2mm<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Decrease in VA (\u2265 1 Snellen line)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Increase in diplopia (decrease in uni-ocular excursion in any one direction of \u2265 8\u00b0).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><u>ASSESSMENT OF SEVERITY<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Severity classification:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1. <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Sight threatening GO:<\/span> patients with dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) and\/or corneal breakdown. This category warrants immediate intervention.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Moderate to severe GO<\/span>: patients without sight threatening GO whose eye disease has sufficient impact on daily life to justify the risks of immunosuppression (if active) or surgical intervention (if inactive).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Patients with moderate to severe GO usually have any one or more of the following: lid retraction &gt;2mm, moderate or severe soft tissue involvement, exophthalmos &gt;3mm above normal for race and gender, inconstant or constant diplopia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3. <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Mild GO<\/span>: patients whose features of GO have only a minor impact on daily life insufficient to justify immunosuppressive or surgical treatment. They usually only have one or more of the following: minor lid retraction (&gt;2mm), mild soft tissue involvement, exophthalmos &gt;3mm above normal for race and gender, transient or no diplopia, corneal exposure responsive to lubricants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs\" data-active-tab=\"0\"><ul class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__nav-links\"><\/ul>\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__nav-link\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title-wrapper\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title\">Referral Guidelines<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content\">\n<p>HOW SOON SHOULD PATIENTS BE SEEN?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1.<\/strong> <strong><u>URGENT \u2013 1-2 weeks<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Symptoms<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Unexplained drop in vision<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Awareness of change in intensity or quality of colour vision in one or both eyes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>History of one or both eyes popping out (globe subluxation)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Signs:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Obvious corneal opacity<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cornea still visible when the eyelids are closed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Optic disc swelling.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2.<\/strong> <strong><u>NON \u2013 URGENT 1\u20132 months<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Unusual presentations of Graves\u2019 eye disease to confirm diagnosis eg. unilateral symptoms and signs, euthyroid eye disease.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Symptoms<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Eyes abnormally sensitive to light: troublesome or deteriorating over the past 1\u20132 months<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Eyes excessively gritty and not improving after 1 week of topical lubricants<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pain in or behind the eyes: troublesome or deteriorating over the past 1\u20132 months<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Progressive change in appearance of the eyes or eyelids over the past 1\u20132 months<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Appearance of the eyes has changed causing concern to the patient<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Seeing two separate images when there should only be one.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Signs:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Troublesome eyelid retraction<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Abnormal swelling and\/or redness of the eyelids or conjunctiva<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Restriction of eye movements or manifest strabismus<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tilting head to avoid double vision<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. <u>No referral is needed for Graves\u2019 Disease with minimal eye symptoms or signs<\/u>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>How to refer<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>See introduction above.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__nav-link\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title-wrapper\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title\">Resources &amp; Links<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/files\/sites\/2\/ENDO-THY-Picture-guide-to-clinical-activity-in-Thyroid-Eye-Disease-2017-1.pdf\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/files\/sites\/2\/ENDO-THY-Picture-guide-to-clinical-activity-in-Thyroid-Eye-Disease-2017-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Picture guide to clinical activity in Thyroid Eye Disease<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.btf-thyroid.org\/thyroid-eye-disease-leaflet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Thyroid eye disease PIL<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.btf-thyroid.org\/Pages\/Category\/patient-leaflets\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">British Thyroid Foundation PILs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Patient information on thyroid eye disease can also be found on the <a href=\"https:\/\/tedct.org.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Thyroid Eye Disease Charitable Trust (TED-CT)<\/a> website<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.edinburghdiabetes.com\/thyroid-eye-clinic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Thyroid Eye Clinic \u2014 Edinburgh Centre for Endocrinology &amp; Diabetes<\/a>&nbsp;&#8211; information for patients.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Patients with suspected dysthyroid eye disease, should be referred to the joint thyroid eye clinic via Dr Justine McKee at PAEP.&nbsp; They will receive both ophthalmic and endocrine follow-up at this clinic. However, if the patient also requires endocrine input, please send a duplicate referral to RIE endocrinology selecting the &lsquo;Advice only&rsquo; option and marking<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1325],"class_list":["post-25498","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","category-https-apps-nhslothian-scot-refhelp-thyroid-eye-disease"],"publishpress_future_workflow_manual_trigger":{"enabledWorkflows":[]},"rttpg_featured_image_url":null,"rttpg_author":{"display_name":"aparnaamanna","author_link":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/refhelp\/author\/aparnaamanna\/"},"rttpg_comment":0,"rttpg_category":" <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/refhelp\/category\/endocrinology\/thyroid\/https-apps-nhslothian-scot-refhelp-thyroid-eye-disease\/\" rel=\"tag\">Thyroid Eye Disease<\/a>","rttpg_excerpt":"Patients with suspected dysthyroid eye disease, should be referred to the joint thyroid eye clinic via Dr Justine McKee at PAEP.&nbsp; They will receive both ophthalmic and endocrine follow-up at this clinic. However, if the patient also requires endocrine input, please send a duplicate referral to RIE endocrinology selecting the &lsquo;Advice only&rsquo; option and marking","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/refhelp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/25498","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/refhelp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/refhelp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/refhelp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/refhelp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25498"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/refhelp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/25498\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25581,"href":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/refhelp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/25498\/revisions\/25581"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/refhelp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25498"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/refhelp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25498"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}