{"id":25215,"date":"2025-08-28T11:37:50","date_gmt":"2025-08-28T10:37:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/refhelp\/?page_id=25215"},"modified":"2025-09-10T14:42:06","modified_gmt":"2025-09-10T13:42:06","slug":"ankle-brachial-pressure-index-abpi","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/refhelp\/guidelines\/vascularsurgery\/ankle-brachial-pressure-index-abpi\/","title":{"rendered":"Ankle brachial pressure index (ABPI)\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><a><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/a><strong>Ankle brachial pressure index (ABPI)<\/strong>\u2014 is a validated tool for the diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease. This investigation should be undertaken by an experienced operator using validated equipment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>An ABPI ratio of:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>0.9 or less&nbsp;<\/strong>\u2014 suggests the presence of peripheral arterial disease.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Between 1.0 and 1.4&nbsp;<\/strong>\u2014is considered normal.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Greater than 1.4&nbsp;<\/strong>\u2014may suggest the presence of arterial calcification, such as in some people with diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic vasculitis, atherosclerotic disease, and advanced chronic renal failure. For values above 1.5, the vessels are likely to be incompressible, and the result cannot be relied on to guide clinical decisions.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Care must be taken in interpreting ABPI results in people with these conditions, as they may be misleadingly high.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Do not exclude a diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease in people with a normal or raised ABPI \u2014 if there is any doubt about a diagnosis of Chronic Limb Threatening Ischaemia seek advice from the Vascular Service.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Compression hosiery for venous or lymphatic disorders may be used where the ABPI is &gt;0.8.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The finding of an ABPI of &gt;1.4 in the absence of lower limb arterial symptoms does not require vascular surgical referral.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>D.R.M. &amp; A.T. 04-09-25<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs\" data-active-tab=\"0\"><ul class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__nav-links\"><\/ul>\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__nav-link\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title-wrapper\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title\">Referral Guidelines<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content\">\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__nav-link\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title-wrapper\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title\">Primary Care Management<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content\">\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__nav-link\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title-wrapper\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title\">Resources and Links<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content\">\n<p>Reference:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/cks.nice.org.uk\/topics\/peripheral-arterial-disease\/diagnosis\/assessment\/#:~:text=People%20with%20borderline%20ABPI%20(0.9,calcification%2C%20alternative%20tests%20are%20useful\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/cks.nice.org.uk\/topics\/peripheral-arterial-disease\/diagnosis\/assessment\/#:~:text=People%20with%20borderline%20ABPI%20(0.9,calcification%2C%20alternative%20tests%20are%20useful<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;Ankle brachial pressure index (ABPI)&mdash; is a validated tool for the diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease. This investigation should be undertaken by an experienced operator using validated equipment. An ABPI ratio of: Compression hosiery for venous or lymphatic disorders may be used where the ABPI is &gt;0.8.&nbsp; The finding of an ABPI of &gt;1.4 in<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"parent":4504,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1315],"class_list":["post-25215","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","category-https-apps-nhslothian-scot-refhelp-ankle-brachial-pressure-index-abpi"],"publishpress_future_workflow_manual_trigger":{"enabledWorkflows":[]},"rttpg_featured_image_url":null,"rttpg_author":{"display_name":"heatherlevy","author_link":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/refhelp\/author\/heatherlevy\/"},"rttpg_comment":0,"rttpg_category":" <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/refhelp\/category\/vascularsurgery\/https-apps-nhslothian-scot-refhelp-ankle-brachial-pressure-index-abpi\/\" rel=\"tag\">Ankle brachial pressure index (ABPI)<\/a>","rttpg_excerpt":"&nbsp;Ankle brachial pressure index (ABPI)&mdash; is a validated tool for the diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease. This investigation should be undertaken by an experienced operator using validated equipment. An ABPI ratio of: Compression hosiery for venous or lymphatic disorders may be used where the ABPI is &gt;0.8.&nbsp; The finding of an ABPI of &gt;1.4 in","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/refhelp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/25215","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/refhelp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/refhelp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/refhelp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/refhelp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25215"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/refhelp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/25215\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25232,"href":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/refhelp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/25215\/revisions\/25232"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/refhelp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4504"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/refhelp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25215"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/refhelp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25215"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}