{"id":1791,"date":"2021-06-28T12:57:00","date_gmt":"2021-06-28T11:57:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/cirg\/?p=1791"},"modified":"2025-03-02T22:05:13","modified_gmt":"2025-03-02T22:05:13","slug":"amr-fame-for-the-western-generals-sewage","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/cirg\/amr-fame-for-the-western-generals-sewage\/","title":{"rendered":"AMR fame for the Western General\u2019s sewage!"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>.kb-row-layout-id1791_42316f-00 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:center;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id1791_42316f-00 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:center;}.kb-row-layout-id1791_42316f-00 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);max-width:1520px;padding-top:60px;padding-right:60px;padding-bottom:100px;padding-left:60px;min-height:450px;grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}.kb-row-layout-id1791_42316f-00 > 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.kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column1791_b9eb03-bd > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column1791_b9eb03-bd > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-items:center;}.kadence-column1791_b9eb03-bd > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:stretch;}.kadence-column1791_b9eb03-bd > .kt-inside-inner-col > .wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery{align-self:stretch;}.kadence-column1791_b9eb03-bd > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kt-row-column-wrap > .kadence-column1791_b9eb03-bd{align-self:center;}.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column1791_b9eb03-bd{align-self:auto;}.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column1791_b9eb03-bd > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}.kadence-column1791_b9eb03-bd > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1791_b9eb03-bd{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-row-column-wrap > .kadence-column1791_b9eb03-bd{align-self:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column1791_b9eb03-bd{align-self:auto;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column1791_b9eb03-bd > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1791_b9eb03-bd > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-items:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-row-column-wrap > .kadence-column1791_b9eb03-bd{align-self:center;}.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column1791_b9eb03-bd{align-self:auto;}.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column1791_b9eb03-bd > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}.kadence-column1791_b9eb03-bd > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-items:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1791_b9eb03-bd\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><figure class=\"wp-block-post-featured-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"880\" height=\"660\" src=\"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/cirg\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/02\/CIRG-Post-Logo.png\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image default-featured-img\" alt=\"CIRG Post Logo\" style=\"border-radius:12px;object-fit:cover;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/cirg\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/02\/CIRG-Post-Logo.png 880w, https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/cirg\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/02\/CIRG-Post-Logo-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/cirg\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/02\/CIRG-Post-Logo-768x576.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 880px) 100vw, 880px\" \/><\/figure><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column1791_111589-0b > .kt-inside-inner-col{display:flex;}.kadence-column1791_111589-0b > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column1791_111589-0b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column1791_111589-0b > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column1791_111589-0b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-items:center;}.kadence-column1791_111589-0b > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:stretch;}.kadence-column1791_111589-0b > .kt-inside-inner-col > .wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery{align-self:stretch;}.kadence-column1791_111589-0b > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kt-row-column-wrap > .kadence-column1791_111589-0b{align-self:center;}.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column1791_111589-0b{align-self:auto;}.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column1791_111589-0b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}.kadence-column1791_111589-0b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1791_111589-0b{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-row-column-wrap > .kadence-column1791_111589-0b{align-self:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column1791_111589-0b{align-self:auto;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column1791_111589-0b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1791_111589-0b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-items:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-row-column-wrap > .kadence-column1791_111589-0b{align-self:center;}.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column1791_111589-0b{align-self:auto;}.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column1791_111589-0b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}.kadence-column1791_111589-0b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-items:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1791_111589-0b\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><h1 style=\"margin-right:30px;margin-left:30px;\" class=\"has-text-align-center has-link-color alignwide wp-elements-fcb699291ef6430427119bc2d1307555 wp-block-post-title has-text-color has-standard-white-color\">AMR fame for the Western General\u2019s sewage!<\/h1>\n\n<div class=\"has-text-align-center has-link-color cirg-screen-excerpt wp-elements-a8508ab0214aaef08ded30a066c8b76c wp-block-post-excerpt has-text-color has-standard-white-color\"><p class=\"wp-block-post-excerpt__excerpt\">Analysis of hospital sewage favourably reviewed in Frontiers of Medical Microbiology <\/p><\/div>\n\n<div style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:700;text-transform:uppercase; border-radius:50px; padding-top:9px;padding-bottom:9px;padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px;\" class=\"has-text-align-center has-link-color cirg-news-page-date wp-elements-a1f8281b758fa992bda8a3d771af56d2 wp-block-post-date has-text-color has-standard-white-color has-background has-accent-plum-background-color\"><time datetime=\"2021-06-28T12:57:00+01:00\">28 June 2021<\/time><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id1791_5a535c-df > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id1791_5a535c-df > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id1791_5a535c-df > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);max-width:1280px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id1791_5a535c-df > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id1791_5a535c-df > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id1791_5a535c-df > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id1791_5a535c-df alignnone cirg-news-wrapper wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column1791_a9aa08-06 > .kt-inside-inner-col{display:flex;}.kadence-column1791_a9aa08-06 > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-top:35px;padding-right:30px;padding-bottom:40px;padding-left:30px;}.kadence-column1791_a9aa08-06 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column1791_a9aa08-06 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:10px;border-top-right-radius:10px;border-bottom-right-radius:10px;border-bottom-left-radius:10px;}.kadence-column1791_a9aa08-06 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column1791_a9aa08-06 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}.kadence-column1791_a9aa08-06 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kt-row-column-wrap > .kadence-column1791_a9aa08-06{align-self:center;}.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column1791_a9aa08-06{align-self:auto;}.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column1791_a9aa08-06 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}.kadence-column1791_a9aa08-06 > .kt-inside-inner-col{background-color:#ffffff;}.kadence-column1791_a9aa08-06 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1791_a9aa08-06{position:relative;}.kadence-column1791_a9aa08-06, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column1791_a9aa08-06:not(.specificity){margin-top:-70px;margin-bottom:15px;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-row-column-wrap > .kadence-column1791_a9aa08-06{align-self:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column1791_a9aa08-06{align-self:auto;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column1791_a9aa08-06 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1791_a9aa08-06 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-row-column-wrap > .kadence-column1791_a9aa08-06{align-self:center;}.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column1791_a9aa08-06{align-self:auto;}.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column1791_a9aa08-06 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}.kadence-column1791_a9aa08-06 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1791_a9aa08-06\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<p>CIRG member Meghan Perry in collaboration with UoE\u2019s epidemiology research group and the Danish Technical University have demonstrated that hospital sewage reflects inpatient clinical infection activity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Secrets of the hospital underbelly: patterns of abundance of antimicrobial resistance genes in hospital wastewater vary by specific antimicrobial and bacterial family<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Meghan R. Perry 1,2,3\u2020, Hannah C. Lepper1\u2020, Luke McNally4,5, Bryan A. Wee1, Patrick Munk6, Amanda Warr7, Barbara Moore2, Pota Kalima2, Carol Philip2, Ana Maria de Roda Husman8, Frank M. Aarestrup6, Mark Woolhouse1, Bram A.D. van Bunnik1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading alignwide\">Abstract<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Background<\/strong><br>Hospital wastewater is a major source of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) outflow into the environment. This study uses metagenomics to study how hospital clinical activity impacts antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) abundances in hospital wastewater.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Methods<\/strong><br>Sewage was collected over a 24-hour period from multiple wastewater collection points representing different specialties within a tertiary hospital site and simultaneously from community sewage works. High throughput shotgun sequencing was performed using Illumina HiSeq4000. ARG abundances were correlated to hospital antimicrobial usage (AMU), data on clinical activity and resistance prevalence in clinical isolates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Results<\/strong><br>Microbiota and ARG composition varied between collection points and overall ARG abundance was higher in hospital wastewater than in community influent. ARG and microbiota compositions were correlated (Procrustes analysis, P=0.014). Total antimicrobial usage was not associated with higher ARG abundance in wastewater. However, there was a small positive association between resistance genes and antimicrobial usage matched to ARG phenotype (IRR 1.11, CI 1.06 \u2013 1.16, P&lt;0.001). Furthermore, analysing carbapenem and vancomycin resistance separately indicated that counts of ARGs to these antimicrobials were positively associated with their increased usage (carbapenem rate ratio (RR) 1.91, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.01 \u2013 3.72, P=0.07, and vancomycin RR 10.25, CI 2.32 \u2013 49.10, P&lt;0.01). Overall, ARG abundance within hospital wastewater did not reflect resistance patterns in clinical isolates from concurrent hospital inpatients. However, for clinical isolates of the family Enterococcaceae and Staphylococcaceae, there was a positive relationship with wastewater ARG abundance (odds ratio (OR) 1.62, CI 1.33 \u2013 2.00, P&lt;0.001, and OR 1.65, CI 1.21 \u2013 2.30, P=0.006 respectively).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Conclusions<\/strong><br>We found that the relationship between hospital wastewater ARGs and antimicrobial usage or clinical isolate resistance varies by specific antimicrobial and bacterial family studied. One explanation we consider is that relationships observed from multiple departments within a single hospital site will be detectable only for ARGs against parenteral antimicrobials uniquely used in the hospital setting. Our work highlights that using metagenomics to identify the full range of ARGs in hospital wastewater is a useful surveillance tool to monitor hospital ARG carriage and outflow and guide environmental policy on AMR.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-1791_43bfa2-4c .kt-block-spacer{height:80px;}.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-1791_43bfa2-4c .kt-divider{border-top-width:3px;height:1px;border-top-color:#F59F68;width:100%;border-top-style:solid;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-spacer aligncenter kt-block-spacer-1791_43bfa2-4c\"><div class=\"kt-block-spacer kt-block-spacer-halign-center\"><hr class=\"kt-divider\"\/><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-a89b3969 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-icon__arrow-right\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"\/cirg\/news\">SEE All News &amp; Events<span class=\"wp-block-button__link-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg viewBox='0 0 16 11' xmlns='http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg'><polygon points='0 4.7 13.1180124 4.7 9.44099379 1 10.4347826 0 16 5.5 10.4347826 11 9.44099379 10 13.1180124 6.3 0 6.3'><\/polygon><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Analysis of hospital sewage favourably reviewed in Frontiers of Medical Microbiology<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1081,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"class_list":["post-1791","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"acf":[],"rttpg_featured_image_url":{"full":["https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/cirg\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/02\/CIRG-Post-Logo.png",880,660,false],"landscape":["https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/cirg\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/02\/CIRG-Post-Logo.png",880,660,false],"portraits":["https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/cirg\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/02\/CIRG-Post-Logo.png",880,660,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/cirg\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/02\/CIRG-Post-Logo-150x150.png",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/cirg\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/02\/CIRG-Post-Logo-300x225.png",300,225,true],"large":["https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/cirg\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/02\/CIRG-Post-Logo.png",880,660,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/cirg\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/02\/CIRG-Post-Logo.png",880,660,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/cirg\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/02\/CIRG-Post-Logo.png",880,660,false],"post_slider_thumbnail":["https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/cirg\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/02\/CIRG-Post-Logo.png",880,660,false]},"rttpg_author":{"display_name":"st3vi3b0y","author_link":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/cirg\/author\/stephenharris\/"},"rttpg_comment":0,"rttpg_category":"<a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/cirg\/category\/news\/\" rel=\"category tag\">News and Events<\/a>","rttpg_excerpt":"Analysis of hospital sewage favourably reviewed in Frontiers of Medical Microbiology","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/cirg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1791","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/cirg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/cirg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/cirg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/cirg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1791"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/cirg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1791\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1792,"href":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/cirg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1791\/revisions\/1792"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/cirg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1081"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/cirg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1791"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/cirg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1791"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}