{"id":1776,"date":"2021-07-25T21:34:00","date_gmt":"2021-07-25T20:34:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/cirg\/?p=1776"},"modified":"2025-03-02T21:34:35","modified_gmt":"2025-03-02T21:34:35","slug":"presentation-at-31st-european-congress-of-clinical-microbiology-infectious-diseases-eccmid","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/cirg\/presentation-at-31st-european-congress-of-clinical-microbiology-infectious-diseases-eccmid\/","title":{"rendered":"Presentation at 31st European Congress of Clinical Microbiology &amp; Infectious Diseases (ECCMID)"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>.kb-row-layout-id1776_1d78df-0e > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:center;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id1776_1d78df-0e > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:center;}.kb-row-layout-id1776_1d78df-0e > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 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kb-theme-content-width\">\n<style>.kadence-column1776_794652-78 > .kt-inside-inner-col{display:flex;}.kadence-column1776_794652-78 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column1776_794652-78 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column1776_794652-78 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column1776_794652-78 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-items:center;}.kadence-column1776_794652-78 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:stretch;}.kadence-column1776_794652-78 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery{align-self:stretch;}.kadence-column1776_794652-78 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kt-row-column-wrap > .kadence-column1776_794652-78{align-self:center;}.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column1776_794652-78{align-self:auto;}.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column1776_794652-78 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}.kadence-column1776_794652-78 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1776_794652-78{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-row-column-wrap > .kadence-column1776_794652-78{align-self:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column1776_794652-78{align-self:auto;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column1776_794652-78 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1776_794652-78 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-items:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-row-column-wrap > .kadence-column1776_794652-78{align-self:center;}.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column1776_794652-78{align-self:auto;}.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column1776_794652-78 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}.kadence-column1776_794652-78 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-items:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1776_794652-78\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><figure class=\"wp-block-post-featured-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/cirg\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/03\/ECCMID-logo.jpg\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"ECCMID logo\" style=\"border-radius:12px;object-fit:cover;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/cirg\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/03\/ECCMID-logo.jpg 768w, https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/cirg\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/03\/ECCMID-logo-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column1776_1aafdc-fb > .kt-inside-inner-col{display:flex;}.kadence-column1776_1aafdc-fb > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column1776_1aafdc-fb > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column1776_1aafdc-fb > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column1776_1aafdc-fb > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-items:center;}.kadence-column1776_1aafdc-fb > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:stretch;}.kadence-column1776_1aafdc-fb > .kt-inside-inner-col > .wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery{align-self:stretch;}.kadence-column1776_1aafdc-fb > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kt-row-column-wrap > .kadence-column1776_1aafdc-fb{align-self:center;}.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column1776_1aafdc-fb{align-self:auto;}.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column1776_1aafdc-fb > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}.kadence-column1776_1aafdc-fb > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1776_1aafdc-fb{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-row-column-wrap > .kadence-column1776_1aafdc-fb{align-self:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column1776_1aafdc-fb{align-self:auto;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column1776_1aafdc-fb > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1776_1aafdc-fb > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-items:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-row-column-wrap > .kadence-column1776_1aafdc-fb{align-self:center;}.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column1776_1aafdc-fb{align-self:auto;}.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column1776_1aafdc-fb > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}.kadence-column1776_1aafdc-fb > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-items:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1776_1aafdc-fb\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><h1 style=\"margin-right:30px;margin-left:30px;\" class=\"has-text-align-center has-link-color alignwide wp-elements-fcb699291ef6430427119bc2d1307555 wp-block-post-title has-text-color has-standard-white-color\">Presentation at 31st European Congress of Clinical Microbiology &amp; Infectious Diseases (ECCMID)<\/h1>\n\n<div class=\"has-text-align-center has-link-color cirg-screen-excerpt wp-elements-a8508ab0214aaef08ded30a066c8b76c wp-block-post-excerpt has-text-color has-standard-white-color\"><p class=\"wp-block-post-excerpt__excerpt\">Alice Hailwood recently presented her work with CIRG member Sandeep Ramalingam, in collaboration with colleagues from University of Edinburgh at the 31st European Congress of Clinical Microbiology &amp; Infectious Diseases (ECCMID) <\/p><\/div>\n\n<div style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:700;text-transform:uppercase; border-radius:50px; padding-top:9px;padding-bottom:9px;padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px;\" class=\"has-text-align-center has-link-color cirg-news-page-date wp-elements-a1f8281b758fa992bda8a3d771af56d2 wp-block-post-date has-text-color has-standard-white-color has-background has-accent-plum-background-color\"><time datetime=\"2021-07-25T21:34:00+01:00\">25 July 2021<\/time><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id1776_1009d6-92 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id1776_1009d6-92 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id1776_1009d6-92 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);max-width:1280px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id1776_1009d6-92 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id1776_1009d6-92 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id1776_1009d6-92 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id1776_1009d6-92 alignnone cirg-news-wrapper wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column1776_9a5740-a7 > .kt-inside-inner-col{display:flex;}.kadence-column1776_9a5740-a7 > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-top:35px;padding-right:30px;padding-bottom:40px;padding-left:30px;}.kadence-column1776_9a5740-a7 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column1776_9a5740-a7 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:10px;border-top-right-radius:10px;border-bottom-right-radius:10px;border-bottom-left-radius:10px;}.kadence-column1776_9a5740-a7 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column1776_9a5740-a7 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}.kadence-column1776_9a5740-a7 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kt-row-column-wrap > .kadence-column1776_9a5740-a7{align-self:center;}.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column1776_9a5740-a7{align-self:auto;}.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column1776_9a5740-a7 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}.kadence-column1776_9a5740-a7 > .kt-inside-inner-col{background-color:#ffffff;}.kadence-column1776_9a5740-a7 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column1776_9a5740-a7{position:relative;}.kadence-column1776_9a5740-a7, .kt-inside-inner-col > .kadence-column1776_9a5740-a7:not(.specificity){margin-top:-70px;margin-bottom:15px;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-row-column-wrap > .kadence-column1776_9a5740-a7{align-self:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column1776_9a5740-a7{align-self:auto;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column1776_9a5740-a7 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column1776_9a5740-a7 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-row-column-wrap > .kadence-column1776_9a5740-a7{align-self:center;}.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column1776_9a5740-a7{align-self:auto;}.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column1776_9a5740-a7 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}.kadence-column1776_9a5740-a7 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column1776_9a5740-a7\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<p>\u201cIncrease in COVID-19 Numbers in Downwind Regions Following a Wind Change\u201d\u00a0\u2013 Alice Hailwood , Catriona Graham ,\u00a0Sandeep Ramalingam<br>University of Edinburgh \u2013 NHS Lothian \u2013 Edinburgh (United Kingdom)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Background<\/strong><br>Social distancing guidelines for COVID-19 concentrate on virus spread by large droplets\/direct contact. While aerosol transmission is considered important in health care setting its importance in community transmission is not emphasized in guidelines. The distance a droplet can travel is affected by its size and wind speed. Evidence suggests that droplets &lt;100\u00b5m evaporate and become droplet nuclei before they settle down. These droplet nuclei could potentially be carried long distances by the wind. We investigated the change in trends in case numbers in areas\/regions tens of kilometres downwind of a hotspot of COVID-19 cases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Methods<\/strong><br>We used wind directions and speed data (Met Office\/Ventusky) to identify periods of sustained change in wind direction across 3 large COVID-19 hotspots (Birmingham, London, Newcastle areas), and a smaller hotspot (Ashford, Kent) during the first wave of COVID-19. Based on official daily reports, cases\/100,000 population in hotspots and surrounding areas were plotted against time. We looked at the change in case numbers within 14 days from the start of the wind change (i.e., the incubation period) in downwind areas (Worcestershire and Warwickshire for the Birmingham area; Surrey for the London area; County Durham and Northumberland for the Newcastle area and the areas around Ashford). Regression lines were fitted to the 7-day rolling average case rates in hot-spots compared to adjacent down-wind areas<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Results<\/strong><br>Periods of sustained change in wind direction were identified in all regions after UK national lockdown. When compared to the hotspot, the trend in case rates in downwind areas plateau or decrease at a slower rate and in one instance showed an increase. The difference in trends in case rates between Birmingham\/London\/Newcastle hotspots and their corresponding downwind areas were significantly different (p&lt;0.0001).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Conclusions<\/strong><br>The clear change in trends in case rates in downwind areas point to an increase in case rates in those areas. As this change happens within the incubation period (i.e., within 14 days), it suggests that viral particles are carried downwind over 50-100 kilometres leading to an increase in infections in these areas. Measures to reduce aerosol transmission in the community hence need to be strengthened.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-1776_b6f478-72 .kt-block-spacer{height:80px;}.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-1776_b6f478-72 .kt-divider{border-top-width:3px;height:1px;border-top-color:#F59F68;width:100%;border-top-style:solid;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-spacer aligncenter kt-block-spacer-1776_b6f478-72\"><div class=\"kt-block-spacer kt-block-spacer-halign-center\"><hr class=\"kt-divider\"\/><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-a89b3969 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-icon__arrow-right\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"\/cirg\/news\">SEE All News &amp; Events<span class=\"wp-block-button__link-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg viewBox='0 0 16 11' xmlns='http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg'><polygon points='0 4.7 13.1180124 4.7 9.44099379 1 10.4347826 0 16 5.5 10.4347826 11 9.44099379 10 13.1180124 6.3 0 6.3'><\/polygon><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Alice Hailwood recently presented her work with CIRG member Sandeep Ramalingam, in collaboration with colleagues from University of Edinburgh at the 31st European Congress of Clinical Microbiology &#038; Infectious Diseases (ECCMID)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1775,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"class_list":["post-1776","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"acf":[],"rttpg_featured_image_url":{"full":["https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/cirg\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/03\/ECCMID-logo.jpg",768,576,false],"landscape":["https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/cirg\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/03\/ECCMID-logo.jpg",768,576,false],"portraits":["https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/cirg\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/03\/ECCMID-logo.jpg",768,576,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/cirg\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/03\/ECCMID-logo-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/cirg\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/03\/ECCMID-logo-300x225.jpg",300,225,true],"large":["https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/cirg\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/03\/ECCMID-logo.jpg",768,576,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/cirg\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/03\/ECCMID-logo.jpg",768,576,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/cirg\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/03\/ECCMID-logo.jpg",768,576,false],"post_slider_thumbnail":["https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/cirg\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/03\/ECCMID-logo.jpg",768,576,false]},"rttpg_author":{"display_name":"st3vi3b0y","author_link":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/cirg\/author\/stephenharris\/"},"rttpg_comment":0,"rttpg_category":"<a href=\"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/cirg\/category\/news\/\" rel=\"category tag\">News and Events<\/a>","rttpg_excerpt":"Alice Hailwood recently presented her work with CIRG member Sandeep Ramalingam, in collaboration with colleagues from University of Edinburgh at the 31st European Congress of Clinical Microbiology &amp; Infectious Diseases (ECCMID)","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/cirg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1776","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/cirg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/cirg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/cirg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/cirg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1776"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/cirg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1776\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1777,"href":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/cirg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1776\/revisions\/1777"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/cirg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1775"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/cirg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1776"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apps.nhslothian.scot\/cirg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1776"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}